The aromatic herb, Melissa officinalis, is a member of the mint family and is most commonly known by its colloquial name, lemon balm. This plant is indigenous to the Mediterranean region and has been utilized for centuries for its diverse health benefits.
Chief among them is the extraction of its essential oil, which is widely utilized for its calming, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. As with many other essential oils, Melissa essential oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and for skincare due to its nourishing and soothing qualities.
This article explores the potential health benefits, uses, and precautions associated with Melissa essential oil, offering insights on how to incorporate it into one’s daily wellness routine.
What Is Lemon Balm?
Lemon balm, also known as Melissa essential oil, is a member of the Lamiaceae family, which includes mint plants. This essential oil is extracted from the leaves and flowers of the lemon balm plant through a process called steam distillation.
Lemon balm is native to the East Mediterranean region and West Asia and has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties.
Lemon balm essential oil is prized for its antibacterial, antiviral, antispasmodic, and antidepressant properties. It has a fresh and lemony aroma that is uplifting and promotes emotional balance. Additionally, it is known for its ability to support skin health.
One of the main benefits of this oil is its antioxidant properties, attributed to its unique compounds. Researchers have identified over 70 active compounds in lemon balm oil, including geranial, germacrene, neral, and citronellal.
Due to its therapeutic properties, melissa essential oil has been the subject of numerous scientific studies. Researchers have investigated its effects on Alzheimer’s disease, memory, learning, and depression.
Although not as widely recognized as some other essential oils, melissa oil has a rich history of use. In the 14th century, French Carmelite nuns included it in their tonic water. In the 16th century, Paracelsus, a philosopher, physician, and botanist, referred to it as “The Elixir of Life.” In the 17th century, writer and gardener John Evelyn praised its ability to support brain health and chase away melancholy.
Overall, melissa essential oil is a versatile oil with a long history of use in traditional medicine and a growing body of scientific research supporting its potential health benefits.
It can be used topically, aromatically, or internally, but it’s essential to use it responsibly and consult with a healthcare professional before use, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are pregnant or breastfeeding.
11 Benefits of Lemon Balm
- Shows Anti-inflammatory Properties
Research has demonstrated that melissa oil possesses anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential treatment for conditions involving inflammation and pain.
A 2013 study published in Advances in Pharmacological Science investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of melissa essential oil in rats with experimental, trauma-induced hind paw edema. Paw edema is characterized by the buildup of excess fluid in the tissues, leading to swelling and inflammation.
The study found that oral administration of this oil significantly reduced and inhibited paw edema, indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.
These findings suggest that melissa oil can be used either internally or topically to alleviate swelling and pain associated with inflammation.
However, it is important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of melissa oil and to determine its safety and efficacy in humans.
As with any natural remedy, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before using this oil for medicinal purposes.
- Lowers Triglycerides
Melissa oil has shown potential to reduce triglyceride levels, which are a type of fat found in your blood. A 2012 study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that melissa oil slowed fatty acid synthesis, which helps reduce triglyceride levels.
Additionally, a study conducted in 2009 found that this oil contains phenolic alkaloids that may inhibit cholesterol synthesis, leading to lower total cholesterol levels and lipid peroxidation levels in liver tissue.
These findings indicate that melissa oil may have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and could be a natural remedy for reducing triglyceride levels.
- Enhances Mood and Counteracts Depression
Lemon balm essential oil has antidepressant, hypnotic, and sedative properties that can help create feelings of peace and warmth. It promotes emotional balance and contains uplifting compounds.
A 2013 study conducted at the University of Melbourne found that lemon balm oil could help improve anxiety, depression, neuroprotectivity, and cognition.
In addition, this oil has been shown to modulate mood and cognitive performance in healthy young volunteers, who reported no side effects or symptoms of toxicity. Even at the lowest doses, self-rated “calmness” was elevated with melissa oil treatment, making it a useful essential oil for alleviating symptoms of depression.
- May Serve as an Anti-cancer Tool
A 2004 study found that melissa essential oil has the potential to act as an anti-tumor agent. This was observed through a reduction in human cancer cell lines during in vitro testing.
Another study, conducted in 2014 and published in Cancer Investigation, discovered that melissa oil may be of interest for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors, which originate from the supportive tissue of the brain.
The study assessed the activity of melissa essential oil and its major component citral in GBM cell lines.
Both melissa oil and citral reduced the viability of GBM cells and induced apoptosis through their antioxidant effects, indicating that they could be used as natural treatments for cancer.
- Effective in Treating Herpes and Viral Infections
Melissa is a popular choice for treating cold sores because it is effective at fighting viruses in the herpes virus family. It can be used to inhibit the spread of viral infections, particularly for those who have developed a resistance to commonly used antiviral agents.
A study conducted in 2008 and published in Phytomedicine found that higher concentrations of lemon balm oil nearly eradicated herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 when tested on monkey kidney cells using a plaque reduction assay.
The researchers suggested that this oil is an effective topical treatment for herpes because it has antiviral effects and can penetrate the skin due to its lipophilic nature.
- Could Alleviate Alzheimer’s Symptoms
Lemon balm oil has garnered significant attention from researchers for its potential to alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
A placebo-controlled trial conducted by scientists at Newcastle General Hospital’s Institute for Aging and Health examined the impact of melissa essential oil on agitation in patients with severe dementia. The study included 72 patients who were randomly assigned to receive either melissa oil or a placebo.
The results of the trial revealed a significant improvement in agitation scores among patients who received this oil compared to those who received the placebo. Specifically, 60% of the melissa oil group experienced a 30% reduction in agitation scores, whereas only 14% of the placebo group achieved the same reduction.
Moreover, 35% of patients in the melissa oil group showed overall improvement in agitation, compared to only 11% in the placebo group. These findings suggest that this oil treatment may lead to a significant improvement in the quality of life for patients with severe dementia.
However, a follow-up study in 2011 raised some doubts about the effectiveness of melissa oil. This study showed that this oil had no more impact on patients with severe dementia than medication or placebo.
The researchers of this study emphasize that they used a more rigorous design and blinded more factors compared to previous studies. As a result, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of melissa oil for treating agitation in patients with severe dementia remains conflicting.
Despite the mixed results, research published in 2020 suggested that Melissa officinalis extract containing rosmarinic acid could potentially help prevent the worsening of AD-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.
It is important to note that further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of melissa essential oil and its extracts for Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions.
- Enhances Skin Well-being
Melissa oil is known for its natural treatment of skin conditions such as eczema, acne, and minor wounds, thanks to its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
In studies that involve the topical application of this oil, groups treated with lemon balm oil showed statistically better healing times.
The oil is gentle enough to be applied directly to the skin and is effective in clearing up skin conditions caused by bacteria or fungus.
- Acts as a Natural Infection Fighter
Research indicates that the widespread use of antimicrobial agents contributes to the development of resistant bacterial strains, compromising the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment.
Melissa oil, rich in compounds like citral, citronellal, and trans-caryophyllene, has demonstrated antibacterial properties.
A 2008 study compared the antibacterial activity of melissa oil and lavender oil against gram-positive bacterial strains, including Candida.
The results showed that melissa oil exhibited a higher degree of antibacterial activity than lavender oil. This suggests that this oil could be a promising natural alternative for preventing and treating infections caused by resistant bacterial strains, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic antibiotics and the risk of therapeutic failures.
- Exhibits Anti-diabetic Attributes
Research suggests that Melissa oil possesses hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic properties, potentially due to its ability to increase glucose uptake and metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, as well as inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver.
A study published in the British Journal of Nutrition in 2010 demonstrated that mice administered melissa essential oil for six weeks experienced a significant reduction in blood glucose levels. These mice also showed improved glucose tolerance and significantly higher serum insulin levels compared to the control group, indicating a positive effect on diabetes symptoms.
- May Help Reduce High Blood Pressure
Melissa oil is known for its ability to lower blood pressure levels. This effect is attributed to its hypotensive, antihyperlipidemic, antiarrhythmic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties.
Animal studies have shown that melissa oil can lead to significant electrocardiogram alterations in rats, and it reduces the heart rate of injured rats while increasing the heart’s resistance to injury.
Furthermore, a recent double-blind crossover clinical trial in humans concluded that M. officinalis can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with essential hypertension. These findings highlight the potential of this oil as a natural remedy for high blood pressure.
- Eases PMS and Menstrual Discomfort
A 2015 study published in Nursing and Midwifery Studies examined the effects of melissa essential oil capsules on the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. One hundred high school girls took part in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
The intervention group received a capsule containing 1,200 milligrams of melissa oil daily from the first to the last day of their menstrual cycles for three consecutive cycles.
The second group was given a placebo. The results showed a significant decrease in PMS symptoms for the intervention group, indicating that this oil may be effective in alleviating PMS symptoms.
How to Use Mellisa Essential Oil
Lemon balm essential oil can be found in certain health stores and online. While it is one of the more expensive essential oils, it is worth the investment because a little goes a long way.
It is important to read the label carefully and purchase melissa oil (or any essential oil) from a reputable and trustworthy company, especially if you intend to use the oil internally.
There are several ways to use melissa essential oil:
- Diffusion: Use a diffuser to disperse lemon balm oil in your home or office. This method is ideal for promoting a calm and uplifting atmosphere.
- Topical Application: If you have sensitive skin, it is advisable to dilute melissa oil with a carrier oil before applying it directly to your skin. For skin conditions such as eczema, add five drops of this oil to a moisturizer or a spray bottle with water and spritz it on your face. For cold sores and herpes, apply two to three diluted drops of melissa oil topically to the affected area.
- Internal Use: Start with very small amounts (one to two drops) of melissa oil if you intend to take it internally. It is recommended to do this under the guidance of a healthcare professional or an essential oil coach.
Here are some specific uses for melissa essential oil:
- Hypoglycemia: Take a few drops of this oil internally to promote healthy glucose levels.
- Alzheimer’s and Dementia: For those suffering from Alzheimer’s or dementia, diffusing melissa oil daily or inhaling it directly from the bottle may help to improve symptoms.
- Vertigo and Nervousness: Apply two to three drops topically to the back of the neck or ears to alleviate symptoms of vertigo, nervousness, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.
- Mood and Anxiety: To help fight feelings of depression and anxiety, diffuse or apply melissa essential oil topically to the wrists, back of the neck, and ears.
- Hypertension: Apply topically to the chest or back of the neck, or take one to two drops internally to help relieve hypertension.
Remember, always perform a patch test before using Melissa essential oil or any other essential oil to ensure that you do not have an adverse reaction.
It is also important to consult with a healthcare professional or a certified aromatherapist before using essential oils, especially if you have any pre-existing health conditions or are pregnant or nursing.
Potential Risks and Side Effects Associated With Lemon Balm Oil Use
Lemon balm oil, is generally considered safe for most adults when used appropriately. However, like many essential oils, it can cause some side effects, especially when used in high doses or by individuals with certain health conditions.
Here are some potential side effects and risks of using Melissa essential oil:
- Stomach Upset: In some cases, Lemon balm essential oil may cause stomach upset, including symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to this essential oil, which can manifest as symptoms such as a rash, hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any allergic reaction, discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention.
- Skin Irritation: Lemon balm essential oil can cause skin irritation, especially when applied directly to the skin. It is important to dilute the oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut, jojoba, or almond oil, before applying it topically.
- Drowsiness: Melissa oil has sedative properties and may cause drowsiness. It is important to avoid using it before driving or operating machinery, especially if you are sensitive to sedatives.
- Avoid in Children: Lemon balm essential oil may not be suitable for children, especially in high doses. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before using melissa oil on children.
- Avoid During Pregnancy: Melissa oil is considered an emmenagogue, which means it can stimulate menstruation. Pregnant women should avoid using Lemon balm essential oil.
- Medical Conditions: Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as epilepsy, should exercise caution when using melissa essential oil, as it may exacerbate their symptoms.
- Drug Interactions: Lemon balm essential oil may interact with certain medications, including sedatives, thyroid medications, and blood thinners. It is important to consult with your healthcare provider before using melissa essential oil, especially if you are taking any medications.
If you are considering using lemon balm oil, it is important to talk to your doctor first to ensure it is safe for you, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or are taking any medications. Additionally, always perform a patch test before using melissa oil topically to check for any allergic reactions or skin sensitivity.